The design of waiting: how progress indicators shape the perception of time (and quality).

Waiting is a design flaw. But in a world of network requests, complex calculations and data transfers, this is unavoidable. The critical insight is this: You can’t design away the waiting, but you can absolutely design the experience of waiting. The milliseconds become a stage and your progress indicator is the artist. It manages anxiety, […]

The ‘minimum viable prototype’: how much reliability is really needed to answer your question?

In design, we’re often taught that prototypes flow linearly: sketch, wireframe, high-fidelity mockup, interactive prototype, coded MVP. This is a process of fidelitybut not necessarily a process of learn. The result is teams spending weeks polishing a Figma prototype to test a basic user flow, or engineers building a fully functional product to answer a […]